Entries by Kaspar Karik

Taxes and e-Residency in 2025

It is very important to understand the difference between e-Resident and residency – the first one is a digital status, the second one a physical residency with residential benefits and obligations.

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Company formation: Germany vs. Estonia – A comparison of costs and time

Starting a business in Germany can be arduous, time-consuming, and expensive. Notary fees, tax advisor charges, and complex bureaucracy mean the process can take several months. But there is an alternative: setting up a company in Estonia. Estonia offers a fully digital, fast, and cost-effective solution that allows entrepreneurs to establish and manage their businesses […]

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E-Residency company founders: you don’t want to make these 5 mistakes in your shareholders’ agreement

A shareholders’ agreement is essential when starting a business in Estonia with multiple e-Resident shareholders. This agreement governs the management of shareholders’ ownership interests in the company. It establishes a shared understanding of the company’s vision and outlines procedures for resolving future disputes and misunderstandings. Here are some key situations when the shareholders’ agreement is […]

How do you determine a permanent establishment in Germany?

Understand the role of a ‘Permanent Establishment’ in taxation for e-residents. This comprehensive guide explains how a permanent establishment affects your tax obligations, especially when operating in different countries like Germany and Estonia. Learn about the double tax avoidance agreement, what constitutes a permanent establishment, its exceptions, and its implications for digital products and holding companies.